When sharing our own testimonies and stories about our faith in Christ with Muslims, it is essential to know some basic differences between Christianity and Islam. What do Muslims believe about the Trinity? What is the true nature of God? What are the fundamental differences between the God of the Bible and Allah of the Qur'an? This week we continue our discussion with Dr. Sherene Khouri, author and assistant professor of Arabic at Liberty University of Virginia, about her new book, Triune Rationality - A Trinitarian Response to Islamic Monotheism. Dr. Khouri provides us with helpful historical insights and key theological concepts that will both enrich and better inform our apologetic conversations with our Muslim friends and neighbors.

Sherene Nicholas Khouri (PhD, Liberty University) is assistant professor of Arabic at Liberty University and also teaches courses on theology, apologetics, Arabic Christianity, and Islam in the John W. Rawlings School of Divinity. Born in Damascus, Syria, she served the Arabic church in the Middle East for thirteen years.

Related Links: Access additional Watchman Fellowship resources related to this week's podcast:

• Watchman book: What the Qur'an Really Teaches about Jesus, by James Walker
• Watchman Fellowship's 4-page Profile on Islam by James Walker: www.watchman.org/Muslim
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Shi'a Islam by Dr. Mike Edens: www.watchman.org/Shia
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Ahmadiyya Islam by Eric Pement: www.watchman.org/Ahmadiyya
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on The Bahai Faith by Robert Pardon: www.watchman.org/Bahai
• Watchman Fellowship's complete Profile Notebook demo video: www.watchman.org/Demo

Additional Resources

FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free.

PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/notebook.

SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/give.

Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

The Trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit is perhaps one of the most difficult and challenging doctrines of the Christian faith. Perhaps it is nowhere more challenging to explain than in dialogue with Muslims, who believe that Christianity is blasphemously polytheistic, teaching that there are literally three distinct Gods. Our guest this week and next on the Profile, Dr. Sherene Khouri assistant professor of Arabic at Liberty University of Virginia joins to discuss her new book, Triune Rationality - A Trinitarian Response to Islamic Monotheism. Dr. Khouri provides a comprehensive historical look back to three lesser-known Christian apologists who lived during the time of the Golden Age of Islam and wrote apologetic defenses of the Trinity in Arabic to their Islamic contemporaries. Dr. Khouri's insights and research are immensely helpful for anyone in dialogue with Muslims today.

Sherene Nicholas Khouri (PhD, Liberty University) is assistant professor of Arabic at Liberty University and also teaches courses on theology, apologetics, Arabic Christianity, and Islam in the John W. Rawlings School of Divinity. Born in Damascus, Syria, she served the Arabic church in the Middle East for thirteen years.

Related Links: Access additional Watchman Fellowship resources related to this week's podcast:

• Watchman book: What the Qur'an Really Teaches about Jesus, by James Walker
• Watchman Fellowship's 4-page Profile on Islam by James Walker: www.watchman.org/Muslim
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Shi'a Islam by Dr. Mike Edens: www.watchman.org/Shia
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Ahmadiyya Islam by Eric Pement: www.watchman.org/Ahmadiyya
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on The Bahai Faith by Robert Pardon: www.watchman.org/Bahai
• Watchman Fellowship's complete Profile Notebook demo video: www.watchman.org/Demo

Additional Resources

FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free.

PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/notebook.

SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/give.

Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

You have probably seen the picture of Earth taken by the Voyager I satellite on Valentine's Day in 1990. It looks like nothing more than a little pixel, just a tiny point of light hanging in a beam of sunlight, like a mote of dust. Long before NASA presented this iconic image to the public, however, the late Medieval poet Dante had imagined the Earth would appear as a mere point of light in comparison to the rest of the cosmos. Many Medieval thinkers had gifted and extraordinary insights into the nature of reality, many of which laid the foundation for modern science in the West. Contrary to popular belief, the Medieval Era was a fruitful time of innovation and invention. This week, we continue to dispel some modern misconception about Medievals with author and historian James Hannam.

James Hannam is a historian of the relationship between religion and science in the United Kingdom. He is the author of God's Philosophers - How the Medieval World Laid the Foundations of Modern Science (published in the US as The Genesis of Science: How the Christian Middle Ages Launched the Scientific Revolution) and The Globe: How the Earth Became Round. James is also a full-time tax consultant. You can find out more about James and his work on his website: www.JamesHannam.com.

Related Links: Access additional Watchman Fellowship resources related to this week's podcast:

• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Scientism by Dr. Luke Barnes and Daniel Ray: www.watchman.org/Scientism
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Naturalism by Daniel Ray.: www.watchman.org/Naturalism
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Astrology by Marcia Montenegro: www.watchman.org/Astrology
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Richard Dawkins by Dr. Rhyne Putman: www.watchman.org/Dawkins
• Watchman Fellowship's complete Profile Notebook demo video: www.watchman.org/Demo

Additional Resources

FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free.

PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/notebook.

SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/give.

Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

You have likely heard the term "the Dark Ages" to describe the period of history from about 450 A.D. to 1450 A.D. And you have likely heard a historian or science popularizer or two suggest that it was primarily the Christian Church of the time which was the root cause of suppressing true scientific knowledge of the physical cosmos. Medievals were ignorant, superstitious, and didn't do much of anything scientifically significant for nearly a thousand years. Our guest this week, author and historian James Hannam, says that this disparaging caricature of the Medieval Era is entirely wrong. This week's episode tackles the influence of Aristotle, the development of the university, and the idea of purpose in Medieval natural philosophy.

James Hannam is a historian of the relationship between religion and science in the United Kingdom. He is the author of God's Philosophers - How the Medieval World Laid the Foundations of Modern Science (published in the US as The Genesis of Science: How the Christian Middle Ages Launched the Scientific Revolution) and The Globe: How the Earth Became Round. James is also a full-time tax consultant. You can find out more about James and his work on his website: www.JamesHannam.com.

Related Links: Access additional Watchman Fellowship resources related to this week's podcast:

• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Scientism by Dr. Luke Barnes and Daniel Ray: www.watchman.org/Scientism
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Naturalism by Daniel Ray.: www.watchman.org/Naturalism
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Astrology by Marcia Montenegro: www.watchman.org/Astrology
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Richard Dawkins by Dr. Rhyne Putman: www.watchman.org/Dawkins
• Watchman Fellowship's complete Profile Notebook demo video: www.watchman.org/Demo

Additional Resources

FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free.

PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/notebook.

SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/give.

Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

Our 2024 year-in-review theme for this special broadcast is From Unbelief to Belief. We feature clips from selected episodes in 2024 discussing the problem of unbelief and the hope we have in Christ of overcoming unbelief, in our own lives and the lives of those we know and love. Some of the guests featured on this special edition of the Profile include Dr. Darrell Bock, Dr. Doug Groothuis, Alisa Childers, Dr. Jamie Dew, Dr. Guillermo Gonzalez, Dr. William Dembski, Dr. Jana Harmon, Dr. Gary Habermas, and J. Warner Wallace.

As we come to the closing days of 2024, we ask you to consider a tax-deductible donation to Watchman Fellowship to help make our weekly podcasts possible. You may donate at www.watchman.org/give or become a regular monthly supporter at www.patreon.com/WatchmanFellowship. If you prefer to send a check, please make it payable to Watchman Fellowship and indicate your support for Apologetics Profile Podcast. Our address is:

Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

PO BOX 310

Arlington, Texas 76004

Related Links: Access additional Watchman Fellowship resources related to today's podcast:

• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Bart Ehrman by Dr. Rhyne Putman: www.watchman.org/Ehrman
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Atheism by Dr. Robert M. Bowman, Jr.: www.watchman.org/Atheism
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Deconstruction by Daniel Ray: www.watchman.org/Deconstruction
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Divine Hiddenness by Daniel Ray: www.watchman.org/Hiddenness
• Watchman Fellowship's complete Profile Notebook demo video: www.watchman.org/Demo

Additional Resources

FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free.

PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/notebook.

Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

In today's age of rampant individualistic interpretations of Scripture how can we properly cultivate a right understand the Bible? Our guest again this week on the Profile is theologian and president of Indianapolis Theological Seminary Dr. Nicholas Piotrowski, author of the 2021 book In All the Scriptures - Three Contexts of Biblical Hermeneutics. Nicholas offers us some insights from his book, most importantly about understanding the layered nature of contexts related to the times and places in which both the Old and New Testaments were written. Good hermeneutics, he argues, should always point us to Christ.

Nicholas Piotrowski (PhD, Wheaton College) is the president and academic dean at Indianapolis Theological Seminary in Indianapolis, Indiana, where he also teaches hermeneutics and New Testament studies. Faculty Bio: www.indysem.org/dr-piotrowski-bio-page.

Related Links: Access additional Watchman Fellowship resources related to this week's podcast:

• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Bart Ehrman by Dr. Rhyne Putman: www.watchman.org/Ehrman
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Atheism by Dr. Robert M. Bowman, Jr.: www.watchman.org/Atheism
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Deconstruction by Daniel Ray: www.watchman.org/Deconstruction
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Divine Hiddenness by Daniel Ray: www.watchman.org/Hiddenness
• Watchman Fellowship's complete Profile Notebook demo video: www.watchman.org/Demo

Additional Resources

FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free.

PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/notebook.

SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/give.

Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

In today's age of rampant individualistic interpretations of Scripture how can we properly cultivate a right understand the Bible? Our guest this week and next on the Profile is theologian and president of Indianapolis Theological Seminary Dr. Nicholas Piotrowski, author of the 2021 book In All the Scriptures - Three Contexts of Biblical Hermeneutics. Nicholas offers us some insights from his book, most importantly about understanding the layered nature of contexts related to the times and places in which both the Old and New Testaments were written. Good hermeneutics, he argues, should always point us to Christ.

Nicholas Piotrowski (PhD, Wheaton College) is the president and academic dean at Indianapolis Theological Seminary in Indianapolis, Indiana, where he also teaches hermeneutics and New Testament studies. Faculty Bio: www.indysem.org/dr-piotrowski-bio-page.

Related Links: Access additional Watchman Fellowship resources related to this week's podcast:

• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Bart Ehrman by Dr. Rhyne Putman: www.watchman.org/Ehrman
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Atheism by Dr. Robert M. Bowman, Jr.: www.watchman.org/Atheism
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Deconstruction by Daniel Ray: www.watchman.org/Deconstruction
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Divine Hiddenness by Daniel Ray: www.watchman.org/Hiddenness
• Watchman Fellowship's complete Profile Notebook demo video: www.watchman.org/Demo

Additional Resources

FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free.

PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/notebook.

SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/give.

Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

Perhaps two of the biggest objections you hear against God's existence are slavery and hell. Why would God, a loving God, allow such things? This week we continue our conversation with apologist with Josh McDowell Ministries, Matthew Tingblad, co-author with Josh McDowell of Why Would God Do That? Discovering God's Goodness in the Hard Passages of Scripture. Matthew will share with us his insights about these difficult objections and encourage us to focus on God's holiness and goodness toward us in Christ Jesus.

Matthew Tingblad is a writer and speaker holding a Master of Divinity from Talbot School of Theology. Matthew has a passion to grow and strengthen the church with a firm grounding for the Christian faith. With wisdom and sensitivity, he offers a unique approach to tough biblical questions and the deeply felt needs of teenagers, college students, and young professionals today by integrating theology and philosophy into apologetics. Matthew has led thousands of individuals to grow in a rock-solid conviction that God is real, God is good, and God is worth it.

Related Links: Access additional Watchman Fellowship resources related to this week's podcast:

• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Annihilationism by Daniel Ray: www.watchman.org/Annihilationism
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Atheism by Dr. Robert M. Bowman, Jr.: www.watchman.org/Atheism
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Deconstruction by Daniel Ray: www.watchman.org/Deconstruction
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Divine Hiddenness by Daniel Ray: www.watchman.org/Hiddenness

Additional Resources

FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free.

PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/notebook.

SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/give.

Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © Watchman Fellowship, Inc.