• Biology: DNA and Chromosome Structure

  • Sep 6 2024
  • Length: 58 mins
  • Podcast

Biology: DNA and Chromosome Structure

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  • Summary

  • What is DNA? What is it made of? And how is it packaged in the cell?

    In today’s episode, we’ll examine the molecular framework of DNA up close (like⎯extremely close) and explore how that structure expands to form the structure of an entire chromosome.


    Part 1: Nucleotide Structure

    - The Three Parts of a Nucleotide

    - Riboses and Deoxyriboses

    - Hallmarks of Aromatic Structure (including Hückel's Rule)

    - Purines and Pyrimidines

    - Phosphate Groups

    - Phosphodiester Bonding and 5'-3' Orientation


    Part 2: DNA Structure

    - The History of the Watson-Crick Model

    - Double-Stranded DNA

    - Antiparallel Orientation

    - Base-Pairing and Chargaff's Rules

    - A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA

    - Structural Dimensions of B-DNA

    - Major vs. Minor Grooves


    Part 3: Chromosome Structure

    - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

    - Supercoiling and DNA Gyrase

    - Chromatin Structure

    - Heterochromatin vs. Euchromatin

    - Chromosome Formation and Condensin Proteins

    - Centromere Positions

    - Telomere Functions
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