Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose metabolism in the body.

There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This results in little or no insulin production, which leads to high blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes typically develops in childhood or early adulthood and requires lifelong insulin therapy.

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and is caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, including obesity and lack of physical activity. In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin, and the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin to compensate. This results in high blood sugar levels, which can lead to a variety of complications, including cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, kidney damage, and vision loss.

Symptoms of diabetes can include frequent urination, excessive thirst, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing wounds. However, some people with diabetes may not experience any symptoms at all.

Treatment for diabetes typically involves managing blood sugar levels through a combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and monitoring. Medications may include insulin injections, oral medications, or other injectable drugs that help regulate blood sugar levels. Lifestyle changes may include a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight loss. Monitoring blood sugar levels regularly is also important in managing diabetes.

If left untreated, diabetes can lead to serious complications, including kidney failure, blindness, amputations, and heart disease. However, with proper management, people with diabetes can lead healthy and fulfilling lives.