This episode is with John Bargh. He is a social psychologist at Yale University. John's work has shed light on the intricate workings of the human mind, delving into topics such as priming, automaticity, and the power of the unconscious. His research has challenged conventional notions, revealing how subtle cues and environmental factors can shape our perceptions,decisions, and actions.

In this conversation we talk about unconscious mind, priming effects, evolution of consciousness, unconscious biases, and can we train our unconscious?

Guest info:

Website: https://acmelab.yale.edu/

Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Books-John-Bargh/s?rh=n%3A283155%2Cp_27%3AJohn+Bargh

Google scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xueSKyQAAAAJ&hl=en

Episode links: Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/unconscious-mind-and-our-behavior-with-john-bargh Youtube: https://youtu.be/rb2gaN0VAsI Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/08y5c7CKorKThk5w0BgSlQ?si=DLAvsAE5Ss2vhrLCyqW0Zw Apple podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/unconscious-mind-and-our-behavior-|-john-bargh-|-reason-with-science-|-psychology-|-consciousness/ffb36aaf-7029-40b9-9066-9fb23050a72f Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/MjA4MzQ5OTgtZTVkZS00Nzk3LTkzNjUtZWI5OGJkODE2ZjZj?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwjgsfX5iev_AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA

Follow Reason with Science:

Website: ⁠⁠⁠https://www.reasonwithscience.com/⁠⁠⁠

Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience⁠⁠⁠

Spotify: ⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh⁠⁠⁠

Apple podcast: ⁠⁠⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894 ⁠⁠⁠

Google podcast:⁠⁠⁠ https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw ⁠⁠⁠

Timestamps:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:01:46 Early career

00:04:10 Hard problem of consciousness

00:10:33 Unconscious mind and it's role in our behavior

00:17:57 Distinction between conscious and unconscious mind

00:20:40 Hot and Cold experiments

00:29:56 Priming effects

00:30:40 Global effects of priming

00:34:05 Goal priming

00:39:40 Trust priming for the idiologies

00:55:45 Cultural priming

00:58:31 Priming effects through Social media

01:07:50 Evolution of conscious and unconscious mind

01:15:00 Examples of conscious and unconscious activities

01:17:46 Evolution of unconscious mind in other species

01:20:50 Consciousness in other species

01:24:00 Can we train our unconscious mind?

01:27:24 Effects of multi-tasking

01:34:00 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

01:36:03 Unconscious biases

01:42:02 Next book

01:45:12 Thank You!

This episode is with Michael Russell. He is geologist who works on the origin of life. Mike is an originator of the theory that life emerged at alkaline submarine hydrothermal vents. In this conversation we talk about topics related to origin of life, hydrothermal vents, alien life, artificial life, and are there new life forms emerging now?

Guest info:

Website: https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/nai/directory/russell-michael/

Episode links: Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/life-origins-at-hydrothermal-vents-with-michael-russell Youtube: https://youtu.be/CtKMl5Gr5JY Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/3xyGOMu6CNOfbIknRhFis3?si=LqPekasnTv6mUo6e8AAGkA Apple podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/life-origins-at-hydrothermal-vents-|-michael-russell-|-reason-with-science-|-geology-|-chemistry/a651d6d1-2124-46e7-b83d-c1a2918dfceb Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/ZjU3MjQ0MTctYWJkZC00ODExLWEzOTAtZDUwM2UzMDVkMGUz?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwjggpygouH_AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA

Follow Reason with Science:

Website: ⁠⁠https://www.reasonwithscience.com/⁠⁠

Youtube: ⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience⁠⁠

Spotify: ⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh⁠⁠

Apple podcast: ⁠⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894 ⁠⁠

Google podcast:⁠⁠ https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw ⁠⁠

Timestamps:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:00:49 What are the most interesting aspects of life?

00:04:02 Beginning of space-time

00:08:42 Dawn of chemistry

00:11:47 Progress in science

00:16:37 Discovery of hydrothermal vents for emergence of life

00:28:12 How the submarine alkaline vents were discovered?

00:37:06 Early earth conditions for the origin of life

00:44:22 Major issues to explain orgin of life

00:49:45 Composition of green rust

00:52:07 Disagreement on engines of hydrothermal vents

00:54:15 Can we link origin of metabolism at hydrothermal vents with the information?

00:56:22 Next step after origin of metabolism

00:59:22 Membranes and viruses

01:02:34 Did protocells escape hydrothermal vents?

01:08:47 Did LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor) evolve in hydrothermal vents?

01:18:56 Creating an artificial hydrothermal vents

01:29:00 Thank you!

This episode is with Lee Cronin. He is the Regius Chair of Chemistry in the School of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow. He and his team are trying to make artificial life forms, find alien life, explore the digitization of chemistry, understand how information can be encoded into chemicals and construct chemical computers. In this conversation we talk about topics related to origin of life, framework to build life from inorganic material, assembly theory, Darwinian evolution, and alien life.

Guest info:

Website: https://www.chem.gla.ac.uk/cronin/

Twitter: https://twitter.com/leecronin?s=20

Episode links: Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/building-life-from-chemistry-with-lee-cronin Youtube: https://youtu.be/IrTp7uu8le0 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/02qVFLcY6AF7HWvCJqHqZe?si=gDcdgmjbSAy93Pne9rcWcw Apple podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/building-life-from-chemistry-|-lee-cronin-|-reason-with-science-|-artificial-life-|-origin-of-life/9ed704ca-7836-4a52-a3a3-b894f537ff4a Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/MmJhZDViOTUtZWZjMS00NjY0LTlmZDYtZmM2ZTdiNTRlNmVl?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwjA1ZHF27v_AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA

Follow Reason with Science:

Website: ⁠https://www.reasonwithscience.com/⁠

Youtube: ⁠https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience⁠

Spotify: ⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh⁠

Apple podcast: ⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894 ⁠

Google podcast:⁠ https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw ⁠

Timestamps:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:00:59 Lee's point of view of origin of life research

00:02:24 Are there different scales in chemistry of origin of life?

00:04:01 Framework to build life

00:06:57 Theory of life

00:12:06 Can darwinian evolution works beyond at the chemical level?

00:15:59 Fundamental level of selection

00:22:04 Memories of compounds

00:22:42 Assembly theory

00:24:51 Multiverse

00:28:05 Why haven't we managed to build life so far?

00:31:33 How to use automation to build life?

00:36:33 What is essence of life?

00:39:03 Why do we have life only on earth in our solar system?

00:39:33 Experiment to build life

00:40:33 What will be the information of artificial life?

00:41:19 Chemputer

00:44:38 3D printing life forms

00:49:07 How to identify alien life?

00:50:22 Explanation of assembly theory

00:54:22 How to differentiate alien organic or inorganic matter?

00:58:12 Selection at artificial cells

01:02:45 Thank you!

This episode is with Robert Aumann (94 years old now).

He is widely regarded as one of the most influential thinkers in game theory and decision theory. His exceptional work has not only reshaped the way we understand strategic decision-making and cooperation but has also garnered him numerous accolades. In 2005, Aumann was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his pioneering work in game theory and its applications. His groundbreaking insights have not only advanced our theoretical understanding of strategic decision-making but also have practical implications in various fields, such as negotiations, conflict resolution, and the design of market mechanisms.

In this conversation we talk about the topics related to his scientific journey including game theory to study the conflict and cooperation, Nash equilibrium, Aumann Agreement Theorem, Knot theory, rationality, and future directions of game theory.

Guest info:

Website: https://mathematics.huji.ac.il/people/robert-j-aumann

Episode links: Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/behavioral-economics-and-game-theory-with-robert-aumann Youtube: https://youtu.be/l6AK1RlNPSo Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/6hKAlf7GqPwhtkrNLaPU9I?si=55G-9LCwS-qn5ecZvPQ6DQ Apple podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/behavioral-economics-and-game-theory-|-robert-aumann-|-reason-with-science-|-nobel-laureate-|-psychology/b975ea0c-2501-448a-8bd3-ea58628da534 Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/NjRmN2RlMTEtYWY1NS00ZGNmLTkwNzgtMGE3ZmJkMDY3YzZl?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwiQ5IGWuKn_AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA

Follow Reason with Science:

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh

Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894

Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw

Timestamps:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:01:07 Interest in mathematics and economics

00:12:34 What is game theory?

00:16:35 War is an example of a game

00:17:30 Zero sum game

00:18:33 Politics is also a game

00:19:05 Contributions of John Nash to game theory

00:28:35 Examples of game theory regarding economics

00:47:00 Concept of common knowledge

00:58:30 Agreement theorem

01:04:25 Bayesianism and agreement theorem

01:05:42 Importance of education

01:13:48 Rationality

01:22:55 Kahneman and Tversky's work

01:25:30 Wars are rational

01:43:40 Life at the age of 93!

01:44:30 Thank you

This episode is with Denis Noble.

He is a renowned biologist, physiologist, and systems theorist, known for his pioneering research in the fields of cardiac physiology and systems biology.

Noble's early work on the electrical activity of the heart was centered on this topic, and he was the first to put forth the notion of the cardiac action potential, which is now generally recognized in the field. He has also contributed significantly to our understanding of cardiac arrhythmias, irregular heart rhythms that can cause serious health concerns.

In addition to his work in cardiac physiology, Noble has been a critical player in the development of systems biology, which aims to comprehend complex biological systems by integrating data from different sources. He has also been a vocal proponent of using mathematical and computational approaches in biology, and his work has contributed to developing a new paradigm for biological research.

In this conversation we talk about the topics related to evolution, including Neo-Darwinism, the role of DNA as information, the use of genes as templates for evolution, the emerging field of epigenetics, the significance of bioelectricity, and potential future directions for evolutionary research.

Guest info: Website: https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/team/denis-noble Google scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=J6kLmsIAAAAJ&hl=en Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Books-Denis-Noble/s?rh=n%3A283155%2Cp_27%3ADenis+Noble

Episode links: Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/what-drives-evolution-with-denis-noble Youtube: https://youtu.be/V09fJ38Qt6E Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/5DtKdllyvzMtNxMc3hS4cI?si=grH2uw6ySNmMMa-Uq6pv_g Apple podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/what-drives-evolution-|-denis-noble-|-reason-with-science-|-darwin-|-selfish-genes-|-richard-dawkins/714742fe-f764-44f6-ac50-bb4e52dabd1f Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/N2QwMGUwY2ItMWU0NC00N2FlLWE0YjgtMTM1MGE3N2UzMmFj?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwjAwbSUgfb-AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA

Follow Reason with Science:

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh

Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894

Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw

Timestamps:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:00:58 DNA as the information in biological systems

00:20:30 What drives evolution?

01:00:49 Horizontal gene transfer

01:05:03 What is an organism?

01:23:08 Importance of metaphors

01:31:00 What is a gene?

01:31:57 Evolution of species

01:39:03 Artificial life

01:41:04 Thank you!

This episode is with Michael Levin and Nick Lane. Mike is a Professor in the Biology department at Tufts University. He studies the role of bioelectric signals in regulating development and regeneration in animals. Nick is a professor of Evolutionary Biochemistry at University College London. His work is focused on the fundamental processes that underlie the origin and evolution of life. In this conversation, we talk about major transitions and key innovations in biology, information in biological systems, bioelectricity, emergence of eukaryotes and importance of bioelectric signals to create artificial life.

Guests info:

Nick Lane-

Website: https://nick-lane.net/ Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Nick-Lane/e/B001IXSEJ2/ref=dp_byline_cont_pop_book_1 Google scholar: https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?hl=en&view_op=list_works&gmla=AJsN-F4olJCJHK40l0_0fVpJFgPP2JYynLUs5cpCsX0ADVj9y4VIo99TJ598Hr0_ItDJucJJGG4Tlxw9nr0zvdBMl8ow3iI3rA&user=eChselQAAAAJ

Michael Levin-

Website: https://ase.tufts.edu/biology/labs/levin/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/drmichaellevin

Episode links: Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/powering-the-complexity-of-life-with-michael-levin-and-nick-lane Youtube: https://youtu.be/GBxVvLVzF68 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/4P3znAFYC8JofY2dcAUVRz Apple podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/powering-the-complexiy-of-life-with-michael-levin-and-nick-lane-|-reason-with-science-|-biolectricity/0a003abf-4d67-48c2-aed8-e4dadcebe574 Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/ZDc3OTZlMDktYWZiMi00OGMyLTk0ZmYtNzY1MGI0ZDhjODIy?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwjAvoyG3-P-AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA

Follow Reason with Science:

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh

Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894

Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw

Timestamps:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:00:58 Transition from chemistry to biology

00:06:53 Emergence of complexity

00:09:53 Key innovation of biology (Resting potential over genome)

00:13:53 Hardware-software in biology

00:15:35 Evolutionary biology and software of extinct species

00:18:48 Bioelectricity and biology

00:21:45 Biolectricity at molecular level

00:29:05 Metabolism is central to bioelectric signals

00:32:21 How bioelectric systems evolve?

00:43:33 Emergence of eukaryotes

00:47:05 Multicellularity

01:19:55 Plasticity at the genome level

01:30:02 How the memories are stored?

01:44:00 Ploidy (genome copies) and biology

01:49:00 Anaesthesia

01:53:37 Importance of bioelectricity to create synthetic life

01:58:38 Thank you